The Roman Army A to Z: centenarius

centenarius (m. pl. centenarii)

Late Roman equivalent to centurio. Also a procuratorial salary grade. Veg., DRM 2.13; CIL V, 8758. [Goldsworthy 2003]

The Roman Army A to Z: causarius

causarius (m. pl. causarii)

A soldier invalided out as causaria missio. Livy 6.6.14; Dig. 3.2.2; AE 2007, 1224; 2006, 1833. See also causaria missio [Brand 1968]

The Roman Army A to Z: causaria missio

causaria missio (f. pl. causariae missiones)

Invaliding out before completion of a soldier’s term of service. This apparently still counted as a form of honesta missio. Dig. 49.16.13; CIL VI, 3373; AE 2007, 1224. See also causarius, honesta missio and ignominiosa missio [Brand 1968]

The Roman Army A to Z: catapulta

catapulta (f. pl. catapultae)

Torsion artillery weapon, possibly covering both stone-throwing and bolt-shooting machines. Vitr., 10.11–13; Caes., BC 2.9.4. [Bishop and Coulston 2006]

The Roman Army A to Z: cataphractus

cataphractus (m. pl. cataphracti)

Armoured cavalryman. Livy 35.48.3; CIL V, 6784. See also cataphractarius [Goldsworthy 2003]

The Roman Army A to Z: cataphractarius

cataphractarius (m. pl. cataphractarii)

Armoured cavalryman. HA, Alex. Sev. 56; Amm. 16.2.5; CIL V, 6784. See also cataphractus [Goldsworthy 2003]

The Roman Army A to Z: catafracta

catafracta (f. pl. catafractae)

Armour. Tac., Hist. 1.79;Veg., DRM 1.20; 2.14. See also lorica [Bishop and Coulston 2006]

The Roman Army A to Z: castrum

castrum (also kastrum n. pl. castra)

Early Republican and Late Roman term for a fortification. Nep., Alc. 9.3; AE 2003, 1532; RIB 721; CIL VIII, 4354. [Johnson 1983]

The Roman Army A to Z: castris

castris (adj.)

Literally ‘from camp’. Used of a soldier born in a military settlement (RMR 39.4; CIL VIII, 2567). [Goldsworthy 2003]

The Roman Army A to Z: castra

castra (n. pl.)

Camp or fortification under the later Republic and Principate; c. aestiva: Literally ‘summer camp’, a campaign camp (Tac., Ann. 1.16; 1.37); c. hiberna: winter quarters, used of what are nowadays called ‘fortresses’ and ‘forts’ (AE 1948, 120; 1964, 148); c. peregrinorum: Base on the Caelian Hill for provincial troops visiting Rome (Amm. 16.12.66; CIL VI, 231; 36775); c. praetoria: Base for the praetoriae cohortes situated on the north-western outskirts of Rome and constructed with defences of brick-faced concrete under Tiberius (Tac., Ann. 4.1–2; Pliny, NH 3.30 CIL VI, 2843); c. stativa: Catch-all term for temporary and permanent fortifications such as c. aestiva and hiberna (Veg., DRM 3.8; Tac., Ann. 3.21). [Johnson 1983]